HETEROCYCLES
An International Journal for Reviews and Communications in Heterocyclic ChemistryWeb Edition ISSN: 1881-0942
Published online by The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry
Regular Issue
Vol. 34, No. 6, 1992
Published online:
■ Giganenin, a Highly Potent Monotetrahydrofuran Acetogenin and 4-Deoxygigantecin from Goniothalamus giganteus
Xin-Ping Fang, Jon E. Anderson, David L. Smith, Karl V. Wood, and Jerry L. McLaughlin*
*Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A.
Abstract
Giganenin, a novel monotetrahydrofuran acetogenin with a double bond along the hydrocarbon chain, and 4-deoxygigantecin, a new nonadjacent bistetrahydrofuran acetogenin, have been isolated from the bark of Goniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae) by the use of brine shrimp lethality for bioactivity-directed fractionation. The structures were elucidated based on spectral and chemical methods. Giganenin, which shows selective and highly potent cytotoxicities to human tumor cells in culture (ED50 values as low as 5.80 x 10-8 μg/ml) and toxicity to brine shrimp, is the most cytotoxic of the monotetrahydrofuran acetogenins reported thus far. 4-Deoxygigantecin is also cytotoxic to human tumor cells and toxic to brine shrimp.
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■ Preparation of 2,5-Disilylated Thiophene Derivatives and Their Conversion to 2,5-Dihalo Derivatives
Naomichi Furukawa,* Hiroki Hoshiai, Tadao Shibutani, Masato Higaki, Fujiko Iwasaki, and Hisashi Fujihara
*Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Abstract
2,5-Disilylated thiophenes were prepared and readily oxidized with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) to give the corresponding 1,1-dioxides. The thiophene dioxide was converted to 2,5-dihalogenothiophene dioxides with halogenating agents.
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■ Total Synthesis of Eupomatidines-1,2, and 3
Yoshiyasu Kitahara and Akinori Kubo*
*Meiji College of Pharmacy, 1-35-23 Nozawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154, Japan
Abstract
Three aromatic alkaloids, eupomatidines-1 (1a), 2 (1b) and 3 (1c), were synthesized from the corresponding 1,4-naphthoquinones (2a, b) by hetero Diels-Alder reaction with 2-butenal dimethylhydrazones (3a, b), followed by one pot annelation of ring A.
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■ A Breakthrough for the Photochemical Arylation in the 3-(Phenylmethyl)-2(5H)-furanone system Leading to the Tetrahydroindenofuranone System
Osamu Muraoka,* Genzoh Tanabe, Kyoko Sano, and Takefumi Momose*
*Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-osaka 577, Japan
Abstract
The photochemistry of the ’central methane’-substituted 3-benzyl-2(5H)-furanone system (1) is described. Despite its di-π-methane structure, photochemical arylation was found to predominate in place of the di-π-methane rearrangement, and gave substituted tetrahydroindenofuranones (2) in good yields.
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■ A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 9-(c-4,t-5-Bishydroxymethylcyclopent-2-en-r-1-yl)-9H-adenine (BCA) Having Anti-HIV Activity from Norbornadiene
Nobuya Katagiri,* Hiroshi Sato, Sachie Arai, Akemi Toyota, and Chikara Kaneko
*Pharmaceutical Institute, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai 980, Japan
Abstract
9-(c-4, t-5-Bishydroxymethylcyclopent-2-en-r-1-yl)-9H-adenine (BCA: 1), a novel carbocyclic nucleoside having significant anti-HIV activity, has been synthesized from norbornadiene.
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■ Tetracyclic Indole Derivatives from the Reaction of Methyl 2,4-Dioxo-6,6-dimethoxyhexanoate with Tryptamine: Indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidine vs 3,7a-Diazacyclohepta[jk]fluorene
Jean-Yves Laronze,* Jacqueline Laronze, F. Wemba-Lenga, and Jean Lévy
*Laboratoire de Transformations et Synthèse deSubstances Naturelles, associé au CNRS, Université de Reims, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims, France
Abstract
Depending on the acid used for cyclization, reaction of methyl 6,6-dimethoxy-2,4-dioxohexanoate (4) with tryptamine yielded indoloquinolizidine (8) (AcOH) or diazacycloheptafluorene (10) (TFA). Treatment of 8 with TFA gave 10.
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■ A Facile Synthesis of 9-Nor-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol via Intramolecular Reverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Cyclization
Zhan Guo Lu and Seiichi Inoue*
*Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240, Japan
Abstract
A simple and efficient new synthesis of 9-nor-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol is achieved, through the intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of an o-quinonemethide which is generated from 2-(1-hydroxy-3-methoxymethoxy-7-methyl-6-octenyl)-1,3-bis(O-methoxymethyl)olivetol (12b), which in turn is prepared by reaction of the lithiated olivetol bis(methoxymethyl)ether with 3-methoxymethoxy-7-methyl-6-octenal (9).
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■ Synthesis of Sulfur and Selenium Analogues of Psoralen
E. Andreas Jakobs, Léon E. Christiaens, and Marcel J. Renson*
*Université de Liège, Chimie Organique Hétérocyclique, Bat. B6. Sart Tilman 4000 Liège, Belgium
Abstract
7H-Thieno[3,2-g][1]benzothiopyran-7-one (1a), 7H-selenopyrano[3,2-f][1]benzothiophen-7-one (1b), 2H-selenolo[3,2-g][1]benzothiopyran-2-one (1c), 7H-selenolo[3,2-g][1]benzoselenopyran-7-one (1d) have been synthesized.
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■ Heterocyclic Compounds. I. Reactions of o-Amino-carboxamide with β-Diketones: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Derivatives
Ji-Wang Chern,* Chung-Chi Lee, Yen-Chywan Liaw, and Andrew H.-J. Wang
*Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratories, National Defense Medical Center, P.O. Box 90048-512, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Abstract
Treatement of 5-aminoimidazolo-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (1) and 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide hemisulfate (2) with β-diketones furnished 2,4-disubstituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (7) and 5,7-disubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (8) respectively. The 1H nmr and 13C nmr spectra of these compounds and the X-ray crystallography of compound 7a are discussed.
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■ Stereospecific Synthesis of a Ribosyl-diazepanone Derivatives; a Synthetic Approach for Elucidation of the Stereochemistry of a Lipid Nucleoside Antibiotic Liposidomycin B
Marianne R. Spada, Makoto Ubukata,* and Kiyoshi Isono
*Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN(The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-01, Japan
Abstract
A new type of ribosyl-diazepanone derivative (23), the core ribosyl 7-membered heterocycle of the nucleoside antibiotic liposidomycin B has been synthesized using a chiral synthetic route that could offer accessibility to any of possible stereoisomers of 23. Starting from readily available cis-1,4-butenediol and β-D-ribose, epoxides (4) and (14) were obtained. Regioselective nucleophillic ring opening of these epoxides subsequently to the several reaction steps afforded key intermediates amine (9) and azido acid (19) which were ultimately coupled to furnish amide (20). During hydrogenolysis of azido aldehyde (22) an intramolecular Schiff base formation occurred yielding the desired product (23).
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■ Synthesis of Some 5-Substituted Indoles
Youhua Yang, Arnold R. Martin,* David L. Nelson, and John Regan
*Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A.
Abstract
A halogen-metal exchange strategy was employed to prepare several 5-substituted indoles from 5-bromoindole. Additional derivatives were elaborated from the formyl, acetyl, thiomethyl, boronic acid and trimethylstannyl analogues thus prepared.
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■ Oxidative Coupling of 4-Substituted N,N-Dimethylanilines with Cyclic Vinyl Ethers in the Presence of Either Manganese(II) or Cobalt(II) Nitrate under Oxygen
Satoru Murata, Koji Teramoto, Masahiro Miura,* and Masakatsu Nomura
*Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan
Abstract
The reaction of 4-substituted N,N-dimethylanilines with 2,3-dihydrofuran and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran proceeds in the presence of a catalytic amount of manganese(II) or cobalt(II) nitrate under oxygen to give the corresponding hexahydrofuro- and hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines, respectively.
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■ Thermolysis of 1,2,3-Triazines
Takashi Itoh, Mamiko Okada, Kazuhiro Nagata, and Akio Ohsawa*
*School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142, Japan
Abstract
Thermal reactions of 1,2,3-triazines were investigated using neat thermolysis and flash vacuum thermolysis (FVT). Neat thermolysis afforded the products which were derived from intermolecular reaction, whereas unimolecular degradation occurred by FVT to give alkyne, nitrile and nitrogen. The selectivity of the reaction was considered using molecular orbital calculations.
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■ Thieno[3,4-b][1,4]diazepines: Synthesis and Stereochemistry
Alba Chimirri, Rosaria Gitto, Silvana Grasso, Giovanni Romeo, and Maria Zappalà
*Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,3-dihydro-2H- and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]diazepine derivatives from 3,4-diaminothiophene and β-keto esters is described.
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■ A Synthesis of 4-Cyano-hexahydro-2H-benzo[b]quinolizine-7,10-dione as a Simple Model Compound of Saframycin A
Akinori Kubo,* Tatsuya Nakai, Yuichi Koizumi, Naoki Saito, Yuzuru Mikami, Katsukiyo Yazawa, and Jun Uno
*Meiji College of Pharmacy, 1-35-23 Nozawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154, Japan
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthesis of 4-cyano-8-methoxy-9-methyl-1,3,4,6,11,11a-hexahydro-2H-benzo[b]quinolizine-7,10-dione (20a) as a simple model compound of saframycin A (1) is described starting from the corresponding lactam (16). Reduction of the lactam (16) with lithium aluminum hydride followed by sodium cyanide treatment afforded the α-amino nitrile (19) as an inseparable mixture in an excellent yield. Oxidative demethylation of compound (19) with 10N HNO3 gave the title compound (20a) and its C-4 epimer (20b). The structure of 20a was confirmed by 1H nmr and 13C nmr spectroscopic analysis.
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■ 1H Nmr Chemical Shift of the Flavonol 5-Hydroxy Proton as a Characterization of 6- or 8-Isoprenoid Substitution
Toshio Fukai and Taro Nomura*
*Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274, Japan
Abstract
1H Nmr examination of 6- or 8-isoprenoid substituted flavonols has shown that the location of isoprenoid side chain on A ring can be deduced from the chemical shift of the 5-hydroxy proton. The application of this 1H nmr technique to identification of the isoprenoid substituted flavonols is discussed. The proposed structures for glepidotin A and two flavonols were revised with this method as well as chemical method.
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■ The Synthesis of Tetrapyranozole Substitued Phenols
Mitchell R. Malachowski,* Marilyn G. Davidson, and J. Daniel Davis
*Department of Chemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, C.A. 92110, U.S.A.
Abstract
The synthesis of two new potentially dinucleating tetrapyrazole substituted phenols is described. The compounds 2,6-bis[(bis(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)amino)methyl]phenol (1) and 2,6-bis[(bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)amino)methyl]phenol (2) were prepared via the pyrazolylmethylation of amines.
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■ Studies on the Alkaloids from Aconitum contortum (II)
Kazuaki Niitsu,* Yukinobu Ikeya, Takao Katsuhara, Hiroshi Mitsuhashi, Liang Huiling, and Chen Siying
*Research Institute for Biology & Chemistry, TSUMURA & CO., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-11, Japan
Abstract
Three new diterpenoid alkaloids, contorine (1), contortine (2) and contorsine (3) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum contortum. Structures of these alkaloids were determined on the basis of spectral data and X-ray analyses.
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■ An Investigation of the Influence of Haloarenes and Hetarylacetonitriles on the Competition between Possible Aryne Arylation and Tandem Addition-Rearrangement Pathways
A. Rakeeb Deshmukh, Matt Morgan, Long Tran, Hongming Zhang, Mahesh Dutt, and Edward R. Biehl*
*Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, U.S.A.
Abstract
Attempts to extend the LDA-mediated 1-aminoisoquinoline arynic synthesis to 1,2-dibromo-3,4,5,6-tetramethylbenzene (1a) and the hetarylacetonitriles 2-(2a) and 3-pyridylacetonitrile (2b), 2- (2c) and 3-thiophene acetonitrile (2d), and 2-benzimidizoylacetonitrile (2e) failed; only rearranged 2-hetarylmethyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethylbenzonitriles (3aa-ae) were obtained. Additionally, the reaction of 1-chloro-2,5-dimethylbenzene (1b), 2-bromo-4-methylanisole (1c), bromobenzene (1d), 2-bromoanisole (1e), and 1-bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzene (1f) with 2a-e gave rearranged nitriles (3) by the tandem addition-rearrangement aryne pathway and/or aryne arylated nitriles (4) by the aryne arylation pathway. By evaluating product 3:4 ratios from these reactions, an assessment of the influence of the nature of the haloarenes and hetarylacetonitriles on the competing tandem addition-rearrangement and aryne arylation pathways was made, which showed that the preference of the haloarenes for the rearrangement pathway to be 1a ~ 1b>1c > 1d>1e>1f and that for the hetarylacetonitriles to be 2c ~ 2d>2b>2a>2e. An explanation in terms of the influence of the haloarene substituents on the ring-closure step of the rearrangement pathway and the heterocyclic ring of the hetarylacetonitrile on the proton abstraction step of the alternate aryne arylation pathway is presented.