Targeted Delivery of Radioprotective Agents to Mitochondria

Table 3.

Methods for Targeting Mitochondria

Delivered Agent	Mechanism of Delivery	Beneficial Effect	Reference(s)
Proteins	N-Terminal specific sequence interacts with mitochondrial membrane translocases and is cleaved by peptidases	Targeting of cytosolic enzymes such as Cyt c oxidase Mitochondrial gene replacement	(28)
			(30)
MnSOD-PL or Adenovirus	The use of cationic liposomes or attenuated/defective virus to accumulate in the cell and specific mitochondrial leader sequence	Overexpression of MnSOD	(17)
			(37)
SS peptides	Specific aromatic-cationic motive, the uptake is not dependent on membrane potential	Antioxidant properties from tyrosine-containing residues	(38)
			(40)
XJB peptides	Membrane active gramicidin S analogs form β-helix inside lipid bilayers	Conjugated superoxide scavengers (4-amino-TEMPO), NOS inhibitors (AMT), or MnSOD mimetics	(43)
			(18)
Cations	Lipophilic, use the mitochondrial membrane potential gradient	Conjugated antioxidants (Ubiquinone, vitamin E, spin traps, and others)	(57)