Rapid CHT Regulation: A Conserved Relationship with Cholinergic Activation
Tissue Preparation | Species | Treatment | Effect | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons; forebrain cholinergic neurons | Cat, chicken, rat | Electrical stimulation | Parallel modulation of choline uptake and ACh synthesis | (10, 55, 59–61, 163) |
Various forebrain preparations | Rat | In vivo pharmacological modulation of ACh release | CHT Vmax and Bmax for HC-3 binding regulated in parallel with ACh release | (56, 57, 63, 71, 75) |
Various CNS preparations | Rat, mouse, horseshoe crab | Depolarization of sample with high [K+] buffer | Increased CHT Vmax and Bmax for HC-3 binding | (64, 65, 76, 138, 164) |
Striatal plasma membrane enriched preparation | Rat | Treatment of membranes with PLA2 or arachidonic acid | Increased Bmax for HC-3 binding | (132, 136, 137) |
Hippocampal synaptosomes | Rat | Preincubation with serine– threonine phosphatase inhibitors | Decreased CHT Vmax | (101) |
Electric organ synaptosomes | Torpedo | Preincubation with cyclosporine A | Deceased choline uptake | (88) |
Striatal membranes | Rat | Preincubation of membranes ± Mg2+ and ATP | Altered affinity for HC-3 binding | (38, 143) |
Brain synaptosomes | Locust | Preincubation with cAMP analogues | Increased HC-3 binding | (165) |
Brain synaptosomes | Rat | Disruption of microtubules with colchicine | Decreased choline uptake | (130) |
Hippocampal synaptosomes and membrane preparations | Mouse | Transgenic mice over- expressing AChE | Increased HC-3 binding and choline uptake | (150, 151) |
Hippocampal and cortical synaptosomes | Rat and mouse | Behavioral training (Including radial maze and T maze) | Increased choline uptake | (67–71) |