Gender Variable Female (n = 86) Male (n = 127) df 2/t value p Substance-abuse treatment     Previous detox 61% 69% 1 1.45 ns     Number of previous detox 1.8 1.7 207 0.33 ns     Previous nondetox 76% 78% 1 0.06 ns     Number of previous nondetox 1.8 1.8 207 0.26 ns     Attended AA over the past 30 days 49% 31% 1 6.59 .02     Number of AA meetings attended 11.6 7.5 78 2.12 .04 Emergency room visit past year 39% 35% 1 0.36 ns Substance-use history     Age of first use of primary 21 19.5 206 1.25 ns     Years of use of primary 12.7 21.1 206 –5.41 .0001     History of IV drug use 58% 56% 1 0.11 ns Primary substance     Alcohol 21% 47%     Cocaine 19% 10%     Crack 18% 10%     Opiates 32% 26%     Marijuana 3% 4%     Others 7% 3% 5 16.63 .01 Polysubstance use 51% 37% 1 4.2 .05 Frequency of use of primary     No use 5% 2%     Less than monthly 1% 3%     One to three times per month 1% 6%     One to two times per week 1% 8%     Three to six times per week 18% 29%     Daily 74% 52% 5 16.58 .01 Average days of use of primary     Past 30 days 14.1 15.7 209 –1.11 ns

Note. ns = nonsignificant; AA = Alcoholics Anonymous; iv = intravenous.