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Presentations of Diabetic Feet
Michael A. Pliskin, DPM;
William F. Todd, DPM;
Gary W. Edelson, MD
Arch Fam Med. 1994;3(3):273-279.
References
Article references have been provided for searching and linking. Additional reference information may be available in the article PDF.
1. Davidson MB. An overview of diabetes mellitus. In: Frykberg RG, ed. The High Risk Foot in Diabetes Mellitus. New York, NY: Churchill Living-stone Inc; 1991:1-22.
2. Tromanhauser S, Jacobs RL. Caring for the diabetic foot. Hosp Med. 1989;63(suppl):28-41.
3. Reiber GE, Pecoraro RE, Koepsell TD. Risk factors for amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:97-105.
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4. Levin ME. The diabetic foot: pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment. In: Levin ME, O'Neal LW, eds. The Diabetic Foot. 4th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby^Year Book; 1988:1-50. 5. American Diabetes Association. Foot care in patients with diabetes mellitus: position statement. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:19-20.
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6. National Diabetes Advisory Board. The National Long-Range Plan to Combat Diabetes. US Dept of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, National Institutes of Health; 1987. NIH publication 88-1587:24. 7. Sowers JR, Standley PR, Ram JL, Jacober S, Simpson L, Rose K. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia: contributing factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Am J Hypertens. 1993;6(suppl):260S-270S.
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8. LoGerfo FW, Coffman JD. Vascular and microvascular disease of the foot in diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:1615-1619.
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9. Levin ME. Diabetic foot lesions: pathogenesis and management. J Enterostom Ther. 1990;17:29-34.
10. Farkash AE. Painful diabetic neuropathy. Pract Diabetol. 1988;7:10-14.
11. Vinik Al, Holland MT, LeBeau JM, Liuzzi FJ, Stansberry KB, Colen LB. Diabetic neuropathies. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:1926-1975.
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12. Ewing DJ, Clarke BF. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy: present insights and future prospects. Diabetes Care. 1986;9:648-665.
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13. Holewski JJ, Stess RM, Graf PM, Grunfeld C. Aesthesiometry: quantification of cutaneous pressure sensation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1988;25:1-10.
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14. Birke JA, Sims DS. Plantar sensory threshold in the ulcerative foot. Lepr Rev. 1986;57:261-267.
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15. Sinha SB, Munichoodappa CS, Kozak GP. Neuroarthropathy (Charcot joints) in diabetes mellitus: clinical study of 101 cases. Medicine. 1972;51:191-210.
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16. Giurini JM, Chrzan JS, Gibbons GW, Habershaw GM. Charcot's disease in diabetic patients. Postgrad Med. 1991;89:163-169.
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17. Banks AS, McGlamry ED. Charcot foot. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1989;79:213-235.
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18. Frykberg RG, Kozak GP. Neuropathic arthropathy in the diabetic foot. Am Fam Physician. 1978;17:105-113.
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19. Ctercteko GC, Chanendran M, Hutton WC, LeQuesne LP. Vertical forces acting on the feet of diabetic patients with neuropathic ulceration. Br J Surg. 1981;68:608-614.
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20. Lorber D. Neuropathy and the diabetic foot. In: Brenner MA, ed. Management of the Diabetic Foot. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1987:18-47. 21. Gibbons G, Eliopoulos GM. Infection of the diabetic foot. In: Kozak GP, Hoar CS, Rowbotham JL, eds. Management of Diabetic Foot Problems. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1984: 97-102. 22. Greenwood AM. A study of the skin in 500 cases of diabetes. JAMA. 1927;89:774-776.
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23. Little JR, Kobayashi GS. Infection of the diabetic foot. In: Levin ME, O'Neal LW, eds. The Diabetic Foot. 4th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby^Year Book; 1988:104-118. 24. Wagner FW. The dysvascular foot: a system for diagnosis and treatment. Foot Ankle. 1981;2:64-122.
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25. Brodsky JW, Schneidler C. Diabetic foot infections. Orthop Clin North Am. 1991;22:473-489.
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26. Joseph WS. Treatment of lower extremity infections in diabetics. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1992;82:361-370.
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27. Louie TJ, Bartlett JG, Tally FP, Gorbach SL. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers. Ann Intern Med. 1976;85:461-463.
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28. Waldvogel FA, Medoff G, Swartz MN. Osteomyelitis: a review of clinical features, therapeutic consideration and unusual aspects. N Engl J Med. 1970;282:198-206, 260-266, 316-322.
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29. Hetherington VJ. Bone scans. In: Weissman SD, ed. Radiology of the Foot. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1989:412-425.
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